时 间：2018年12月29日
地 点：河南大学明伦校区新行政楼308会议室
主讲人：董冠鹏 英国利物浦大学 地理与规划学院 讲师
主办单位：教育部人文社科重点研究基地黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心
1.报告一 09:00——11:00
Title: Inferring Neighbourhood Quality with an Innovative Locally Adaptive Spatial Multi-level Model
Abstract:
Social and physical processes often exhibit both macro-level geographic smoothness – implying positive spatial dependence – and micro-level discontinuities – suggesting implicit step changes or boundaries in the data. However, a simultaneous treatment of the two features in a unified statistical model poses great challenges. This study extends an innovative locally adaptive spatial auto-regressive modelling approach to a multi-level modelling framework in order to explore multiple-scale geographical data. It develops a Bayesian locally adaptive spatial multi-level model that takes into account horizontal global spatial dependence and local step changes, as well as a vertical group dependency effect imposed by the multiple-scale data structure. At its heart, the correlation structures of spatial units implied by a spatial weights matrix are learned along with other model parameters using an iterative estimation algorithm, rather than being assumed to be invariant and exogenous. A Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampler for implementing this new spatial multi-level model is derived. The developed methodology is applied to infer neighbourhood quality using property transaction data, and to examine potential correlates of neighbourhood quality in Liverpool. The results reveal a complex and fragmented geography of neighbourhood quality; besides an overall smoothness trend, boundaries delimiting neighbourhood quality are scattered across Liverpool. Socio-economics, built environment, and locational characteristics are statistically significantly associated with neighbourhood quality.
2、座谈 11:00——12:00
3、报告二 15:00——17:00
Title: Social and Environmental Sorting in Scotland
Abstract:
In this paper we developed a structural sorting model to explore social and environmental inequality in Scotland, with a focus on the role of residential sorting or self-selection effects. By explicitly modelling residential sorting, we make a step forward to identify the causal process of environmental injustice. Our results show that: 1) Residential mobility seems to be a key factor explaining the overall associations between environmental dis amenities such as potential exposure to air pollution and landfill, social deprivation, and ethnicity; 2) Overall, there are significant, in both statistical and economical terms, differences between the White and Minority populations in willingness-to-pay for less deprived and healthier neighbourhoods (Datazones). Minorities’ observed location choices reveal a smaller willingness to give up other consumption in exchange for neighbourhoods with favourable social characteristics; 3) Significant ethnic differences in WTP for avoiding neighbourhoods with high exposure to landfills are found. The whites reveal a larger willingness to pay for fleeing from exposure to landfills than the minorities. As a brief conclusion, environmental nuisance driven residential mobility in Scotland has been discovered. Meanwhile, social amenity driven residential mobility should also be examined in future EJ research.
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